Children that are facing issues within their kidneys, bladder, or urinary tract are examined, diagnosed, and treated by a pediatric nephrologist. Kidney stones, bladder infections, high blood pressure, any disease or infection within the urinary tract, kidney failure, and urine abnormalities are all some conditions seen by a pediatric nephrologist. Typical procedures and tasks performed by this type of physician include kidney transplants, x-ray interpretations, lab research, blood pressure monitoring, dialysis, or biopsies on organs such as the kidney.